1、Makleiz. Seizcou mbwn hawqsauj, vunzraeuz ciengz gamj- daengz conghbak conghndaeng hawqsauj、naeng haenz、ae mbouj ok myaiz noix. Ngoenznaengz gwn aen daengz song aen makleiz, ndaej vanjgaij seizcou hawqsauj, mizleih aenndang gengangh.

Makleiz gwn ndip ndaej vanj- gaij conghhoz sauj、haenz、in、hep caeuq haexgaz、nyouh nding daengj bingh, makleiz ndaej caq aeu raemx, roxnaeuz gya dangznae、conhbei、naeng makdoengj、gaeuj- gij dwk raemx baek cug gwn, doiq conghbak conghndaeng hawqsauj、conghhoz haenz saep、aenndang huj hoengh, ndaej bouj raemx、nyinh bwt nyinh yaem nyinh sauj.

Danhseih gwn makleiz aeu habdoh. Cunghyih lijlun nyinh- naeuz, makleiz bien liengz, gwn lai sieng dungx. Ndigah, boux dungx hawcaep wng noix gwn. Doengz- seiz, aenvih mbwn cienq liengz lo, boux dungxsaej goengnaengz haemq yaez caeuq bouxlaux、lwgnyez gwn makleiz lai rox baenzsiq. Vihneix, boux dungxsaej goengnaengz haemq yaez caeuq bouxlaux lwgnyez ceiq ndei dwg cawj gwn, lienz noh makleiz caeuq dang itheij gwn liux.

2、Dangzrwi. Seizcou aen- mbwn daegdiemj dwg hawqsauj, ndaw hoengheiq hamz raemx noix, ndang vunz caemh dwg sied raemx lai. Vih sikhab seizcou aenmbwn hawqsauj daegdiemj, aeu ciengz- seiz bouj raemx hawj aenndang.

Dangzrwi dwg daswyenz soengq faenh huqlaex dijbauj hawj vunzraeuz ndeu, yingzyangj cwngzfwn lai, gwn de ndaej cangq ndang、daezsang ciliz、demgya hezhungz danbwz、gaijndei sinhgih, ciengzseiz gwn ndaej hawj vunz lai souhyienz. Ndaw 《Bwnjcauj Ganghmuz》 geiq naeuz:“Dangzrwi miz 5 daih goengyauq: Siu ndat、bouj ndaw、gej doeg、nyinh sauj、dingz in.” Yihyoz daih neix hix cwngmingz, dangzrwi doiq boux sinzgingh hawnyieg、boux hezyaz sang、boux gvancang doenghmeg giet ndongj、boux bwt miz bingh cungj miz ceihyw yaugoj. Seizcou ciengzseiz gwn dangzrwi, mbouj- danh mizleih gij bingh neix hoizfuk dauq ndei, caemhcaiq ndaej fuengz seizcou hawqsauj sienghaih ndang vunz hwnj daengz nyinh bwt ciengx bwt cozyung, vunz lai ndaej souhyienz.